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• Organic Chemistry Crash Course (Alkanes to Polymers) → Enroll Now
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Exam-Centered Definitions

• Hydrocarbon: Compound containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms.
• Alkane: Saturated hydrocarbon, general formula CₙH₂ₙ₊₂, single C–C bonds.
• Alkene: Unsaturated hydrocarbon, general formula CₙH₂ₙ, contains at least one C=C double bond.
• Isomerism: Compounds with same molecular formula but different structural arrangements (structural & stereoisomerism in alkenes).
• Combustion: Exothermic reaction with oxygen; complete → CO₂ + H₂O; incomplete → CO + soot.
• Cracking: Thermal/catalytic breaking of long alkanes into shorter alkanes + alkenes.

More definitions: Exam-Focused Definitions 2025

Detailed Explanations: Alkanes & Alkenes

Alkanes

General formula: CₙH₂ₙ₊₂ (methane CH₄ to decane C₁₀H₂₂). Physical properties: Increase in chain length → higher boiling point (van der Waals forces). Chemical: Inert (single bonds), mainly combustion & substitution (UV light with halogens).

Exam tip: Write balanced equations for combustion & free radical substitution.

Alkenes

General formula: CₙH₂ₙ (ethene C₂H₄ to butene C₄H₈). Physical: Similar trend to alkanes but lower boiling points than corresponding alkanes. Chemical: Reactive due to double bond – addition reactions (hydrogenation, halogenation, hydration, polymerization).

Key reaction: Addition polymerization → poly(ethene), poly(propene). Link to Ultimate Pack Notes.

Isomerism: Alkenes show structural (position & chain) & geometric (cis-trans) isomerism. Test: Bromine water decolorizes (unsaturation test).

Free Download Links – All Chapters PDFs

• Organic Chemistry PDF (includes Alkanes & Alkenes)
• Organic Chem PDF (Alternate)
• Moles PDF – Useful for stoichiometry in organic reactions
• The Periodic Table PDF –
• Atoms, Elements and Compounds PDF

Full notes: 2026 Revision Guide → link to Crash Course

Study Timeline for Hydrocarbons (4 Weeks)

• Week 1: Definitions, nomenclature, isomerism. Use Last Minute Revision.
• Week 2: Alkanes – properties, reactions. Practice with formula sheet 2026 Formula Sheet.
• Week 3: Alkenes – addition reactions, polymerization. Watch solved papers ATP Guide.
• Week 4: Full revision + mocks. Enroll P1 session for 20 mocks.

Live Class Details

Weekly Zoom sessions covering hydrocarbons, Alkanes/Alkenes, past paper techniques. Every Saturday 8:00 PM PKT – perfect for Islamabad students. Register via crash course link.

Teacher Profile: Prof. Faisal Janjowa (The Chemistry Guru)

20+ years teaching CAIE O Level & IGCSE. Expert in organic chemistry. Watch demo solving:

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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What is the difference between alkanes and alkenes?

Alkanes are saturated (single bonds only), alkenes are unsaturated (at least one double bond). Alkenes undergo addition, alkanes substitution.

How to name hydrocarbons in exams?

Use IUPAC: longest chain → root, functional group → suffix/prefix, position numbers. Practice from Predict Products Guide.

Why enroll in crash course instead of YouTube?

YouTube videos often miss syllabus points (e.g., geometric isomerism, cracking conditions) and waste time. Our courses are 100% CAIE-aligned, exam-focused – proven 85%+ A/A* rate.

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