Group 7 Halogens – Properties, Reactions, Colours
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Understanding Group 7 Halogens
The Group 7 halogens are non-metallic elements in the periodic table including: Fluorine (F), Chlorine (Cl), Bromine (Br), Iodine (I), and Astatine (At). They all have 7 electrons in their outer shell, making them highly reactive.
Exam Definition: Group 7 Halogens
Group 7 halogens are elements that normally exist as diatomic molecules (F₂, Cl₂, Br₂, I₂) and become more reactive as you move up the group.
Physical Properties of Group 7 Halogens
As you move down group 7 halogens, the physical state changes from gas to liquid to solid:
- Fluorine: Pale yellow gas (-188°C boiling point)
- Chlorine: Greenish-yellow gas (-34°C)
- Bromine: Red-brown liquid (59°C)
- Iodine: Grey-black solid (184°C)
Key Trend: Boiling Points
The boiling point of group 7 halogens increases down the group due to stronger intermolecular forces between larger molecules.
Chemical Properties and Reactivity
The reactivity of group 7 halogens decreases down the group. Fluorine is the most reactive element in the group due to its small atomic size and strong electron attraction.
When group 7 halogens react with metals, they form ionic compounds called halides:
2Na + Cl₂ → 2NaCl (sodium chloride)
Are group 7 halogens reactive? Yes, extremely! They readily gain electrons to form negative ions.
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