Alcohols Homologous Series Explained | Complete Guide & Courses
Introduction
The homologous series of alcohols is a fundamental concept in organic chemistry, describing a series of compounds with similar structures and properties, differing by a CH2 group. Ethanol, for example, is a well-known member of this series. Understanding the general formula and structure of these alcohols is essential for mastering organic chemistry and excelling in exams like O Level Chemistry and IGCSE.
In this guide, we'll explore the homologous series of alcohols molecular formula, their general formula, and key members of the series. Plus, discover how to enroll in expert courses to accelerate your learning.
What is the Homologous Series of Alcohols?
The homologous series of alcohols is a group of compounds sharing a common functional group – the hydroxyl group (-OH), and differing by a CH2 unit. They follow a general formula which makes it easy to identify and construct new members of the series.
Yes, alcohols form a homologous series, which is one of the most important classes in organic chemistry. These series show trends in properties such as boiling points, viscosity, and solubility.
Key Concepts in Alcohols Homologous Series
- General formula:
CnH2n+1OH - First member: Methanol (CH3OH)
- Second member: Ethanol (C2H5OH)
- Third member: Propanol (C3H7OH)
- Fourth member: Butanol (C4H9OH)
Constructing a homologous series is straightforward: increase the carbon chain by one for each subsequent compound, maintaining the functional group.
For example, the construct a homologous series of alcohols up to four carbons demonstrates the pattern clearly.
Detailed Explanation & Molecular Formulas
The molecular formula of the homologous series of alcohols is CnH2n+1OH. For example, for n=2 (ethanol): C2H5OH. As n increases, properties such as boiling point increase due to greater Van der Waals forces, and viscosity also tends to increase.
Understanding the assertion in a homologous series of alcohols helps in predicting properties and reactions. For example, all monohydric alcohols (those containing only one hydroxyl group) follow the same general trend.
Write the general formula of homologous series of alcohols and observe its pattern across members.
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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Q: What is the homologous series of alcohols?
A: It is a series of alcohol compounds with the same functional group (-OH), differing by CH2 units, and following a general molecular formula CnH2n+1OH.
Q: How do I construct a homologous series of alcohols?
A: Start with the first member, methanol, and keep adding CH2 groups to form successive members like ethanol, propanol, and butanol.
Q: Why are alcohols considered a homologous series?
A: Because they share a common functional group, have similar chemical properties, and differ by a CH2 unit, following a predictable pattern.
Q: What are the trends in physical properties in this series?
A: Boiling points and viscosity generally increase with increasing molecular size due to stronger Van der Waals forces.
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